ABSTRACT
Growing antibiotic resistance demands the constant reassessment of antimicrobial efficacy, particularly in countries with wide antibiotic abuse. Knowledge of resistance trends is particularly important when prescribing antibiotics empirically, as is usually the case for urinary tract infections [UTIs] especially in children with terminal renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [CAPD] treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the resistance of bacterial isolates to commonly used antibiotics in such patients. In this study, bacterial isolates were evaluated from urine samples collected from pediatric patients [6 months to 17 years] on CAPD with acute UTIs in Tehran from March 2006 through September 2006. Sensitivity was measured by disc diffusion method using NCCLS protocol. The most prevalent urinary pathogen was Escherichia coli from 27 cases [75%]. In general, the lowest resistance rate of microorganisms was against amikacin [3.7%] and the highest resistance rate was against amoxicillin [70.4%].A comparison of these data with those of other countries showed that there was considerable geographic variation in bacterial patterns of sensitivity and resistance properties. Therefore, the selection of antibiotics for empiric therapy especially in children with terminal renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [CAPD] treatment should be based on the knowledge of the local conditions